The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults - Results of a systematic review
- PMID: 29580974
- DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.019
The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults - Results of a systematic review
Abstract
A systematic review of published toxicology and human intervention studies was performed to characterize potential hazards associated with consumption of green tea and its preparations. A review of toxicological evidence from laboratory studies revealed the liver as the target organ and hepatotoxicity as the critical effect, which was strongly associated with certain dosing conditions (e.g. bolus dose via gavage, fasting), and positively correlated with total catechin and epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) content. A review of adverse event (AE) data from 159 human intervention studies yielded findings consistent with toxicological evidence in that a limited range of concentrated, catechin-rich green tea preparations resulted in hepatic AEs in a dose-dependent manner when ingested in large bolus doses, but not when consumed as brewed tea or extracts in beverages or as part of food. Toxico- and pharmacokinetic evidence further suggests internal dose of catechins is a key determinant in the occurrence and severity of hepatotoxicity. A safe intake level of 338 mg EGCG/day for adults was derived from toxicological and human safety data for tea preparations ingested as a solid bolus dose. An Observed Safe Level (OSL) of 704 mg EGCG/day might be considered for tea preparations in beverage form based on human AE data.
Keywords: Catechins; Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG); Green tea; Green tea extract (GTE); Hepatotoxicity; Safety.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
Safety assessment of green tea based beverages and dried green tea extracts as nutritional supplements.Toxicol Lett. 2017 Aug 5;277:104-108. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.06.008. Epub 2017 Jun 24. Toxicol Lett. 2017. PMID: 28655517 Review.
-
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) comprehensive review of the hepatotoxicity of green tea extracts.Toxicol Rep. 2020 Feb 15;7:386-402. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.008. eCollection 2020. Toxicol Rep. 2020. PMID: 32140423 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Preparation and antioxidant activity of green tea extract enriched in epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Feb 25;57(4):1349-53. doi: 10.1021/jf803143n. J Agric Food Chem. 2009. PMID: 19182914
-
The safety of green tea extract supplementation in postmenopausal women at risk for breast cancer: results of the Minnesota Green Tea Trial.Food Chem Toxicol. 2015 Sep;83:26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.019. Epub 2015 Jun 5. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015. PMID: 26051348 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
A subacute toxicity evaluation of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract in mice.Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Oct;49(10):2624-30. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.007. Epub 2011 Jul 13. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011. PMID: 21771628
Cited by 27 articles
-
The Bioactive Potential of Functional Products and Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds.Foods. 2020 Jul 18;9(7):953. doi: 10.3390/foods9070953. Foods. 2020. PMID: 32708391 Free PMC article.
-
Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) via oral gavage in young adult Down syndrome mice.Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 26;10(1):10426. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67133-z. Sci Rep. 2020. PMID: 32591597 Free PMC article.
-
A Review of Coffee By-Products Including Leaf, Flower, Cherry, Husk, Silver Skin, and Spent Grounds as Novel Foods within the European Union.Foods. 2020 May 21;9(5):665. doi: 10.3390/foods9050665. Foods. 2020. PMID: 32455549 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Polyphenols with Anti-Amyloid β Aggregation Show Potential Risk of Toxicity Via Pro-Oxidant Properties.Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 18;21(10):3561. doi: 10.3390/ijms21103561. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. PMID: 32443552 Free PMC article. Review.
-
A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance.Nutrients. 2020 Apr 22;12(4):1161. doi: 10.3390/nu12041161. Nutrients. 2020. PMID: 32331288 Free PMC article. Review.