Effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial
- PMID: 26829184
- PMCID: PMC4734034
- DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29268
Effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a degree of excess weight that predisposes people to metabolic syndromes via an inflammatory mechanism. Hypertensive and diabetic people have higher risks of developing systemic inflammation. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFAs) can reduce the cardiovascular events and help against inflammation.
Objective: To identify the effects of LC ω-3 PUFAs on reducing the levels of inflammatory markers on hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults.
Materials and methods: Sixty-four patients, who were hypertensive and/or diabetic obese with high levels of inflammatory markers, from primary healthcare centers of Gaza City, Palestine, enrolled in two groups of an open-label, parallel, randomized, controlled trial for 8 weeks. Thirty-three patients were in the control group, and 31 patients were in the experimental group. The experimental group was treated with a daily dose of 300 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 200 mg of docosahexaenoic acid.
Results: Treatment with LC ω-3 PUFAs significantly reduced the level of high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) [14.78±10.7 to 8.49±6.69 mg/L, p<0.001], fasting blood glucose (FBG) [178.13±58.54 to 157.32±59.77 mg/dL, p=0.024], and triglyceride (TG) [209.23±108.3 to 167.0±79.9 mg/dL, p<0.05] after 8 weeks of treatment, whereas no significant changes appeared in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and total cholesterol (TC). In the control group, significant reduction was detected for FBG [187.15±64.8 to 161.91±37.9 mg/dL, p<0.05] and TG [202.91±107.0 to 183.45±95.82 mg/dL, p<0.05], and no changes for hs-CRP, IL-6, or TC. By comparing the experimental group with the changes of control group at the endpoint, LC ω-3 PUFAs did not reach the clinical significance in treating effectiveness for any of the clinical variables.
Conclusion: LC ω-3 PUFAs have recommended effects on health; the obtained results can improve the role of LC ω-3 PUFAs as a protective factor on inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The time allowed or the dose used could be insufficient to achieve full treatment affectivity.
Keywords: DHA; EPA; diabetes; hypertension; inflammation; obesity; omega-3 fatty acids.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Effect of vitamin C on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial.Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Jul 1;9:3405-12. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S83144. eCollection 2015. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015. PMID: 26170625 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Dried blood spot omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in 7-9 year old Zimbabwean children: a cross sectional study.BMC Clin Pathol. 2016 Aug 5;16:14. doi: 10.1186/s12907-016-0035-7. eCollection 2016. BMC Clin Pathol. 2016. PMID: 27499701 Free PMC article.
-
A high ratio of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids improves obesity-linked inflammation and insulin resistance through suppressing activation of TLR4 in SD rats.Nutr Res. 2013 Oct;33(10):849-58. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Aug 9. Nutr Res. 2013. PMID: 24074743
-
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Versus Docosahexaenoic Acid as Options for Vascular Risk Prevention: A Fish Story.Am J Ther. 2016 May-Jun;23(3):e905-10. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000165. Am J Ther. 2016. PMID: 25828517 Review.
-
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia.Int J Cardiol. 2013 Dec 20;170(2 Suppl 1):S16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.040. Epub 2013 Jul 12. Int J Cardiol. 2013. PMID: 23856442 Review.
Cited by 7 articles
-
Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease.Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 Jul 5;143:111558. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558. Online ahead of print. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020. PMID: 32640331 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effect on Adipose Tissue of Diabetic Mice Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids Extracted from Microalgae.Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(5):728-735. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666200213111452. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020. PMID: 32053089 Free PMC article.
-
Attenuation of Metabolic Syndrome by EPA/DHA Ethyl Esters in Testosterone-Deficient Obese Rats.Mar Drugs. 2018 May 24;16(6):182. doi: 10.3390/md16060182. Mar Drugs. 2018. PMID: 29794984 Free PMC article.
-
An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.J Clin Med Res. 2018 Apr;10(4):281-289. doi: 10.14740/jocmr3362w. Epub 2018 Feb 18. J Clin Med Res. 2018. PMID: 29511415 Free PMC article. Review.
-
A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Gene Expression Related to Insulin Action, Blood Lipids, and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Fish Oil Supplementation and Gestational Diabetes.Nutrients. 2018 Jan 31;10(2):163. doi: 10.3390/nu10020163. Nutrients. 2018. PMID: 29385062 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
References
-
- Musaiger AO. Overweight and obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: can we control it? Eastern Mediterr Health J. 2004;10(6):789–93. - PubMed
-
- Abdeen Z, Jildeh C, Dkeideek S, Qasrawi R, Ghannam I, Al-Sabbah H. Overweight and obesity among Palestinian adults: analyses of the anthropometric data from the First National Health and Nutrition Survey (1999–2000) J Obes 2012. 2012 213547, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/213547. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-
- El Kishawi R, Soo K, Abed Y, Muda W. Obesity and overweight: prevalence and associated socio demographic factors among mothers in three different areas in the Gaza Strip-Palestine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Obes. 2014;1 7, doi: http://dx.doi.org/2052-9538/1/7. - PMC - PubMed
-
- Jamee A, Abed Y, Abutawila H. Risk factors of metabolic syndrome among clinic patients in Gaza - Palestine. Am J Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;1(1):20–4. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajcdr-1-1-5. - DOI
LinkOut - more resources
-
Full Text Sources
-
Medical
-
Research Materials
-
Miscellaneous