Drowning stars: reassessing the role of astrocytes in brain edema
- PMID: 25236348
- PMCID: PMC4253572
- DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.08.010
Drowning stars: reassessing the role of astrocytes in brain edema
Abstract
Edema formation frequently complicates brain infarction, tumors, and trauma. Despite the significant mortality of this condition, current treatment options are often ineffective or incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed the existence of a brain-wide paravascular pathway for cerebrospinal (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) exchange. The current review critically examines the contribution of this 'glymphatic' system to the main types of brain edema. We propose that in cytotoxic edema, energy depletion enhances glymphatic CSF influx, whilst suppressing ISF efflux. We also argue that paravascular inflammation or 'paravasculitis' plays a critical role in vasogenic edema. Finally, recent advances in diagnostic imaging of glymphatic function may hold the key to defining the edema profile of individual patients, and thus enable more targeted therapy.
Keywords: aquaporin-4; astrocyte; cerebral edema; glymphatic; paravascular.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Muddying the water in brain edema?Trends Neurosci. 2015 Jun;38(6):331-2. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.006. Epub 2015 May 13. Trends Neurosci. 2015. PMID: 25980601 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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