Effects of dietary glycemic index on brain regions related to reward and craving in men
- PMID: 23803881
- PMCID: PMC3743729
- DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.064113
Effects of dietary glycemic index on brain regions related to reward and craving in men
Abstract
Background: Qualitative aspects of diet influence eating behavior, but the physiologic mechanisms for these calorie-independent effects remain speculative.
Objective: We examined effects of the glycemic index (GI) on brain activity in the late postprandial period after a typical intermeal interval.
Design: With the use of a randomized, blinded, crossover design, 12 overweight or obese men aged 18-35 y consumed high- and low-GI meals controlled for calories, macronutrients, and palatability on 2 occasions. The primary outcome was cerebral blood flow as a measure of resting brain activity, which was assessed by using arterial spin-labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging 4 h after test meals. We hypothesized that brain activity would be greater after the high-GI meal in prespecified regions involved in eating behavior, reward, and craving.
Results: Incremental venous plasma glucose (2-h area under the curve) was 2.4-fold greater after the high- than the low-GI meal (P = 0.0001). Plasma glucose was lower (mean ± SE: 4.7 ± 0.14 compared with 5.3 ± 0.16 mmol/L; P = 0.005) and reported hunger was greater (P = 0.04) 4 h after the high- than the low-GI meal. At this time, the high-GI meal elicited greater brain activity centered in the right nucleus accumbens (a prespecified area; P = 0.0006 with adjustment for multiple comparisons) that spread to other areas of the right striatum and to the olfactory area.
Conclusions: Compared with an isocaloric low-GI meal, a high-GI meal decreased plasma glucose, increased hunger, and selectively stimulated brain regions associated with reward and craving in the late postprandial period, which is a time with special significance to eating behavior at the next meal. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01064778.
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Comment in
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Brain activation in relation to specific dietary components: what does fMRI measure and how should one interpret cravings for certain foods?Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Sep;98(3):633-4. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.068957. Epub 2013 Jul 31. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013. PMID: 23902786 No abstract available.
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