Capture, crawl, cross: the T cell code to breach the blood-brain barriers
- PMID: 22926201
- DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.07.004
Capture, crawl, cross: the T cell code to breach the blood-brain barriers
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically privileged site to which access of circulating immune cells is tightly controlled by the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB; see Glossary) localized in CNS microvessels, and the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) within the choroid plexus. As a result of the specialized structure of the CNS barriers, immune cell entry into the CNS parenchyma involves two differently regulated steps: migration of immune cells across the BBB or BCSFB into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-drained spaces of the CNS, followed by progression across the glia limitans into the CNS parenchyma. With a focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal models, this review summarizes the distinct molecular mechanisms required for immune cell migration across the different CNS barriers.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
Immune surveillance of the human central nervous system (CNS): different migration pathways of immune cells through the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in healthy persons.Cytometry A. 2006 Mar;69(3):147-51. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.20225. Cytometry A. 2006. PMID: 16479603 Review.
-
The blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers: function and dysfunction.Semin Immunopathol. 2009 Nov;31(4):497-511. doi: 10.1007/s00281-009-0177-0. Epub 2009 Sep 25. Semin Immunopathol. 2009. PMID: 19779720 Review.
-
The blood-central nervous system barriers actively control immune cell entry into the central nervous system.Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(16):1555-65. doi: 10.2174/138161208784705432. Curr Pharm Des. 2008. PMID: 18673197
-
Immune-related GTPase Irgm1 exacerbates experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis by promoting the disruption of blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.Mol Immunol. 2013 Jan;53(1-2):43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.06.009. Epub 2012 Jul 13. Mol Immunol. 2013. PMID: 22796503
-
Human CD4+ T cell subsets differ in their abilities to cross endothelial and epithelial brain barriers in vitro.Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020 Feb 3;17(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12987-019-0165-2. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020. PMID: 32008573 Free PMC article.
Cited by 183 articles
-
Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma.Front Immunol. 2020 Jul 17;11:1402. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01402. eCollection 2020. Front Immunol. 2020. PMID: 32765498 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Zika Virus Infection Promotes Local Inflammation, Cell Adhesion Molecule Upregulation, and Leukocyte Recruitment at the Blood-Brain Barrier.mBio. 2020 Aug 4;11(4):e01183-20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01183-20. mBio. 2020. PMID: 32753493 Free PMC article.
-
Microglia Require CD4 T Cells to Complete the Fetal-to-Adult Transition.Cell. 2020 Aug 6;182(3):625-640.e24. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.026. Epub 2020 Jul 22. Cell. 2020. PMID: 32702313 Free PMC article.
-
In situ vaccination at a peripheral tumor site augments response against melanoma brain metastases.J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Jul;8(2):e000809. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000809. J Immunother Cancer. 2020. PMID: 32690669 Free PMC article.
-
Immunological Bases of Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration and Therapeutic Implications.Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 2;11:991. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00991. eCollection 2020. Front Immunol. 2020. PMID: 32655545 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grant support
LinkOut - more resources
-
Full Text Sources
-
Other Literature Sources
-
Medical
