A MUFA-rich diet improves posprandial glucose, lipid and GLP-1 responses in insulin-resistant subjects
- PMID: 17914131
- DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719633
A MUFA-rich diet improves posprandial glucose, lipid and GLP-1 responses in insulin-resistant subjects
Abstract
Objective: To study the effects of three weight-maintenance diets with different macronutrient composition on carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, insulin and incretin levels in insulin-resistant subjects.
Methods: A prospective study was performed in eleven (7 W, 4 M) offspring of obese and type 2 diabetes patients. Subjects had a BMI > 25 Kg/m2, waist circumference (men/women) > 102/88, HBA1c < 6.5% and were regarded as insulin-resistant after an OGTT (Matsuda ISIm <4). They were randomly divided into three groups and underwent three dietary periods each of 28 days in a crossover design: a) diet high in saturated fat (SAT), b) diet rich in monounsaturated fat (MUFA; Mediterranean diet) and c) diet rich in carbohydrate (CHO).
Results: Body weight and resting energy expenditure did not changed during the three dietary periods. Fasting serum glucose concentrations fell during MUFA-rich and CHO-rich diets compared with high-SAT diets (5.02 +/- 0.1, 5.03 +/- 0.1, 5.50 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, respectively. Anova < 0.05). The MUFA-rich diet improved insulin sensitivity, as indicated by lower homeostasis model analysis-insulin resistance (HOMA-ir), compared with CHO-rich and high-SAT diets (2.32 +/- 0.3, 2.52 +/- 0.4, 2.72 +/- 0.4, respectively, Anova < 0.01). After a MUFA-rich and high-SAT breakfasts (443 kcal) the postprandial integrated area under curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin were lowered compared with isocaloric CHO-rich breakfast (7.8 +/- 1.3, 5.84 +/- 1.2, 11.9 +/- 2.7 mmol . 180 min/L, Anova < 0.05; and 1004 +/- 147, 1253 +/- 140, 2667 +/- 329 pmol . 180 min/L, Anova <0.01, respectively); while the integrated glucagon-like peptide-1 response increased with MUFA and SAT breakfasts compared with isocaloric CHO-rich meals (4.22 +/- 0.7, 4.34 +/- 1.1, 1.85 +/- 1.1, respectively, Anova < 0.05). Fasting and postprandial HDL cholesterol concentrations rose with MUFA-rich diets, and the AUCs of triacylglycerol fell with the CHO-rich diet. Similarly fasting proinsulin (PI) concentration fell, while stimulated ratio PI/I was not changed by MUFA-rich diet.
Conclusions: Weight maintenance with a MUFA-rich diet improves HOMA-ir and fasting proinsulin levels in insulin-resistant subjects. Ingestion of a virgin olive oil-based breakfast decreased postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations, and increased HDL-C and GLP-1 concentrations as compared with CHO-rich diet.
Similar articles
-
Monounsaturated fat-rich diet prevents central body fat distribution and decreases postprandial adiponectin expression induced by a carbohydrate-rich diet in insulin-resistant subjects.Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30(7):1717-23. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2220. Epub 2007 Mar 23. Diabetes Care. 2007. PMID: 17384344 Clinical Trial.
-
Comparison of monounsaturated fat with carbohydrates as a replacement for saturated fat in subjects with a high metabolic risk profile: studies in the fasting and postprandial states.Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1611-20. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1611. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007. PMID: 18065577 Clinical Trial.
-
Potentiation of effects of weight loss by monounsaturated fatty acids in obese NIDDM patients.Diabetes. 1996 May;45(5):569-75. doi: 10.2337/diab.45.5.569. Diabetes. 1996. PMID: 8621005 Clinical Trial.
-
Effects of Saturated Fat, Polyunsaturated Fat, Monounsaturated Fat, and Carbohydrate on Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Feeding Trials.PLoS Med. 2016 Jul 19;13(7):e1002087. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002087. eCollection 2016 Jul. PLoS Med. 2016. PMID: 27434027 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Metabolic Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diets Compared With Carbohydrate or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diets in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Diabetes Care. 2016 Aug;39(8):1448-57. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0513. Diabetes Care. 2016. PMID: 27457635 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by 45 articles
-
Gut microbiome-Mediterranean diet interactions in improving host health.F1000Res. 2019 May 21;8:699. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.18992.1. eCollection 2019. F1000Res. 2019. PMID: 32704349 Free PMC article.
-
The Effects of Low-Energy Moderate-Carbohydrate (MCD) and Mixed (MixD) Diets on Serum Lipid Profiles and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Men: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Clinical Trial.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 19;17(4):1332. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041332. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020. PMID: 32092918 Free PMC article.
-
Adipokines and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolites, Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease.Metabolites. 2020 Jan 11;10(1):32. doi: 10.3390/metabo10010032. Metabolites. 2020. PMID: 31940832 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet.Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 23;20(19):4716. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194716. Int J Mol Sci. 2019. PMID: 31547615 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Mediterranean Diet Adherence Modulates Anthropometric Measures by TCF7L2 Genotypes among Puerto Rican Adults.J Nutr. 2020 Jan 1;150(1):167-175. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz210. J Nutr. 2020. PMID: 31504696
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
-
Full Text Sources
-
Other Literature Sources
-
Medical
-
Research Materials
-
Miscellaneous