From the Center for Research on Health Care (AEB, CLB, RMA), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Division of General Internal Medicine (AEB, RMA), Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Health Policy Management (AEB, CLB), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; The CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Laboratory (AEB, DM, DCA), Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Institute to Enhance Palliative Care (RMA), Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Critical Care Medicine (DM, DCA), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Social and Decision Sciences (JD), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
Supported, in part, by American Cancer Society (PEP-08-276-01-PC2) and National Cancer Institute (R21 CA139264).
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Drs. Barnato, Mohan, Downs, Bryce, and Arnold received funding from the NIH. Dr. Angus has not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
For information regarding this article, E-mail: aeb2@pitt.edu