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Table 2.

Coffee consumption and plasma vitamin levels.1

Vitamin Coffee, cups/day All Men Women
Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference
% % of SD % % of SD % % of SD
Folate, nmol/L  0  16.2  Ref  Ref  14.9  Ref  Ref  17.4  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  15.2  −5.7  −10.1  14.3  −3.9  −7.6  16.2  −6.9  −11.7 
  ≥4  14.2  −11.7  −20.2  13.3  −10.1  −19.2  15.1  −13.7  −22.3 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
PLP, nmol/L  0  55.8  Ref  Ref  54.9  Ref  Ref  56.5  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  52.0  −6.4  −9.6  52.9  −2.9  −5.5  51.2  −9.4  −12.5 
  ≥4  47.8  −14.1  −20.4  46.9  −14.4  −23.7  48.8  −13.9  −18.7 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
Riboflavin, nmol/L  0  11.3  Ref  Ref  10.6  Ref  Ref  12.1  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  11.0  −2.2  −2.7  10.8  2.1  2.7  11.3  −6.7  −7.3 
  ≥4  10.7  −5.5  −6.6  10.1  −4.9  −5.7  11.3  −6.8  −7.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.01      0.02      0.16     
Cobalamin, pmol/L  0  310  Ref  Ref  307  Ref  Ref  312  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  306  −0.8  −2.2  305  −0.6  −2.0  309  −0.9  −2.7 
  ≥4  307  −0.5  −1.4  303  −1.0  −3.3  311  −0.2  −0.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.75      0.44      0.83     
Vitamin Coffee, cups/day All Men Women
Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference
% % of SD % % of SD % % of SD
Folate, nmol/L  0  16.2  Ref  Ref  14.9  Ref  Ref  17.4  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  15.2  −5.7  −10.1  14.3  −3.9  −7.6  16.2  −6.9  −11.7 
  ≥4  14.2  −11.7  −20.2  13.3  −10.1  −19.2  15.1  −13.7  −22.3 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
PLP, nmol/L  0  55.8  Ref  Ref  54.9  Ref  Ref  56.5  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  52.0  −6.4  −9.6  52.9  −2.9  −5.5  51.2  −9.4  −12.5 
  ≥4  47.8  −14.1  −20.4  46.9  −14.4  −23.7  48.8  −13.9  −18.7 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
Riboflavin, nmol/L  0  11.3  Ref  Ref  10.6  Ref  Ref  12.1  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  11.0  −2.2  −2.7  10.8  2.1  2.7  11.3  −6.7  −7.3 
  ≥4  10.7  −5.5  −6.6  10.1  −4.9  −5.7  11.3  −6.8  −7.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.01      0.02      0.16     
Cobalamin, pmol/L  0  310  Ref  Ref  307  Ref  Ref  312  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  306  −0.8  −2.2  305  −0.6  −2.0  309  −0.9  −2.7 
  ≥4  307  −0.5  −1.4  303  −1.0  −3.3  311  −0.2  −0.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.75      0.44      0.83     
1

Differences between consumption categories are expressed as percentage of the reference category and as percentage of the SD of the dependent variable.

2

Estimated marginal means.

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Table 2.

Coffee consumption and plasma vitamin levels.1

Vitamin Coffee, cups/day All Men Women
Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference
% % of SD % % of SD % % of SD
Folate, nmol/L  0  16.2  Ref  Ref  14.9  Ref  Ref  17.4  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  15.2  −5.7  −10.1  14.3  −3.9  −7.6  16.2  −6.9  −11.7 
  ≥4  14.2  −11.7  −20.2  13.3  −10.1  −19.2  15.1  −13.7  −22.3 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
PLP, nmol/L  0  55.8  Ref  Ref  54.9  Ref  Ref  56.5  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  52.0  −6.4  −9.6  52.9  −2.9  −5.5  51.2  −9.4  −12.5 
  ≥4  47.8  −14.1  −20.4  46.9  −14.4  −23.7  48.8  −13.9  −18.7 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
Riboflavin, nmol/L  0  11.3  Ref  Ref  10.6  Ref  Ref  12.1  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  11.0  −2.2  −2.7  10.8  2.1  2.7  11.3  −6.7  −7.3 
  ≥4  10.7  −5.5  −6.6  10.1  −4.9  −5.7  11.3  −6.8  −7.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.01      0.02      0.16     
Cobalamin, pmol/L  0  310  Ref  Ref  307  Ref  Ref  312  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  306  −0.8  −2.2  305  −0.6  −2.0  309  −0.9  −2.7 
  ≥4  307  −0.5  −1.4  303  −1.0  −3.3  311  −0.2  −0.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.75      0.44      0.83     
Vitamin Coffee, cups/day All Men Women
Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference Plasma concentration2 Difference
% % of SD % % of SD % % of SD
Folate, nmol/L  0  16.2  Ref  Ref  14.9  Ref  Ref  17.4  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  15.2  −5.7  −10.1  14.3  −3.9  −7.6  16.2  −6.9  −11.7 
  ≥4  14.2  −11.7  −20.2  13.3  −10.1  −19.2  15.1  −13.7  −22.3 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
PLP, nmol/L  0  55.8  Ref  Ref  54.9  Ref  Ref  56.5  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  52.0  −6.4  −9.6  52.9  −2.9  −5.5  51.2  −9.4  −12.5 
  ≥4  47.8  −14.1  −20.4  46.9  −14.4  −23.7  48.8  −13.9  −18.7 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    <0.001      <0.001      <0.001     
Riboflavin, nmol/L  0  11.3  Ref  Ref  10.6  Ref  Ref  12.1  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  11.0  −2.2  −2.7  10.8  2.1  2.7  11.3  −6.7  −7.3 
  ≥4  10.7  −5.5  −6.6  10.1  −4.9  −5.7  11.3  −6.8  −7.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.01      0.02      0.16     
Cobalamin, pmol/L  0  310  Ref  Ref  307  Ref  Ref  312  Ref  Ref 
  1–3  306  −0.8  −2.2  305  −0.6  −2.0  309  −0.9  −2.7 
  ≥4  307  −0.5  −1.4  303  −1.0  −3.3  311  −0.2  −0.4 
P for trend (ANCOVA)    0.75      0.44      0.83     
1

Differences between consumption categories are expressed as percentage of the reference category and as percentage of the SD of the dependent variable.

2

Estimated marginal means.

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